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Compare Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2003) - Montserrat (2005)

Compare Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2003) z Montserrat (2005)

 Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2003)Montserrat (2005)
 Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)Montserrat
Administrative divisions none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina) 3 parishes; Saint Anthony, Saint Georges, Saint Peter
Age structure 0-14 years: NA%


15-64 years: NA%


65 years and over: NA%
0-14 years: 23.3% (male 1,109/female 1,072)


15-64 years: 65.6% (male 2,923/female 3,201)


65 years and over: 11.1% (male 536/female 500) (2005 est.)
Agriculture - products fodder and vegetable crops; sheep, dairy products cabbages, carrots, cucumbers, tomatoes, onions, peppers, livestock products
Airports 5 (2002) 1 (2004 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 2


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1


under 914 m: 1 (2002)
total: 1


under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 3


under 914 m: 3 (2002)
-
Area total: 12,173 sq km


land: 12,173 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes the two main islands of East and West Falkland and about 200 small islands
total: 102 sq km


land: 102 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Connecticut about 0.6 times the size of Washington, DC
Background Although first sighted by an English navigator in 1592, the first landing (English) did not occur until almost a century later in 1690, and the first settlement (French) was not established until 1764. The colony was turned over to Spain two years later and the islands have since been the subject of a territorial dispute, first between Britain and Spain, then between Britain and Argentina. The UK asserted its claim to the islands by establishing a naval garrison there in 1833. Argentina invaded the islands on 2 April 1982. The British responded with an expeditionary force that landed seven weeks later and after fierce fighting forced Argentine surrender on 14 June 1982. Much of this island was devastated and two-thirds of the population fled abroad because of the eruption of the Soufriere Hills Volcano that began on 18 July 1995. Montserrat has endured volcanic activity since, with the last eruption occurring in July 2003.
Birth rate NA births/1,000 population 17.56 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Budget revenues: $66.2 million


expenditures: $67.9 million, including capital expenditures of $23.2 million (FY98/99 est.)
revenues: $31.4 million


expenditures: $31.6 million, including capital expenditures of $8.4 million (1997 est.)
Capital Stanley Plymouth (abandoned in 1997 due to volcanic activity; interim government buildings have been built at Brades Estate, in the Carr's Bay/Little Bay vicinity at the northwest end of Montserrat)
Climate cold marine; strong westerly winds, cloudy, humid; rain occurs on more than half of days in year; average annual rainfall is 24 inches in Stanley; occasional snow all year, except in January and February, but does not accumulate tropical; little daily or seasonal temperature variation
Coastline 1,288 km 40 km
Constitution 3 October 1985; amended 1997 and 1998 effective 19 December 1989
Country name conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Montserrat
Currency Falkland pound (FKP) -
Death rate NA deaths/1,000 population 7.17 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Debt - external $NA $8.9 million (1997)
Dependency status overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina overseas territory of the UK
Diplomatic representation from the US none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina) none (overseas territory of the UK)
Diplomatic representation in the US none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina) none (overseas territory of the UK)
Disputes - international claimed by Argentina whose forces briefly occupied it in 1982, but now declares it will no longer seek settlement by force none
Economic aid - recipient none Country Policy Plan (2001) is a three-year program for spending $122.8 million in British budgetary assistance (2002 est.)
Economy - overview The economy was formerly based on agriculture, mainly sheep farming, but today fishing contributes the bulk of economic activity. In 1987 the government began selling fishing licenses to foreign trawlers operating within the Falklands exclusive fishing zone. These license fees total more than $40 million per year, which goes to support the island's health, education, and welfare system. Squid accounts for 75% of the fish taken. Dairy farming supports domestic consumption; crops furnish winter fodder. Exports feature shipments of high-grade wool to the UK and the sale of postage stamps and coins. The islands are now self-financing except for defense. The British Geological Survey announced a 200-mile oil exploration zone around the islands in 1993, and early seismic surveys suggest substantial reserves capable of producing 500,000 barrels per day; to date no exploitable site has been identified. An agreement between Argentina and the UK in 1995 seeks to defuse licensing and sovereignty conflicts that would dampen foreign interest in exploiting potential oil reserves. Tourism, especially eco-tourism, is increasing rapidly, with about 30,000 visitors in 2001. Another large source of income is interest paid on money the government has in the bank. The British military presence also provides a sizeable economic boost. Severe volcanic activity, which began in July 1995, has put a damper on this small, open economy. A catastrophic eruption in June 1997 closed the airports and seaports, causing further economic and social dislocation. Two-thirds of the 12,000 inhabitants fled the island. Some began to return in 1998, but lack of housing limited the number. The agriculture sector continued to be affected by the lack of suitable land for farming and the destruction of crops. Prospects for the economy depend largely on developments in relation to the volcano and on public sector construction activity. The UK has launched a three-year $122.8 million aid program to help reconstruct the economy. Half of the island is expected to remain uninhabitable for another decade.
Electricity - consumption 15.19 million kWh (2001) 1.674 million kWh (2002)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2001) 0 kWh (2002)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2001) 0 kWh (2002)
Electricity - production 16.33 million kWh (2001) 1.8 million kWh (2002)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: 100%


hydro: 0%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2001)
-
Elevation extremes lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Mount Usborne 705 m
lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m


highest point: Chances Peak (in the Soufriere Hills volcanic complex) 914 m
Environment - current issues overfishing by unlicensed vessels is a problem; reindeer were introduced to the islands in 2001 for commercial reasons; this is the only commercial reindeer herd in the world unaffected by the Chornobyl disaster land erosion occurs on slopes that have been cleared for cultivation
Ethnic groups British black, white
Exchange rates Falkland pounds per US dollar - 0.67 (2002), 0.69 (2001), 0.66 (2000), 0.62 (1999), 0.6 (1998); note - the Falkland pound is at par with the British pound East Caribbean dollars per US dollar - 2.7 (2004), 2.7 (2003), 2.7 (2002), 2.7 (2001), 2.7 (2000)


note: fixed rate since 1976
Executive branch chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952)


head of government: Governor Howard PEARCE (since 3 December 2002); Chief Executive Chris SIMPKINS (since NA March 2003); Financial Secretary Derek F. HOWATT (since NA)


cabinet: Executive Council; three members elected by the Legislative Council, two ex officio members (chief executive and the financial secretary), and the governor


elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor Deborah BARNES-JONES (since 10 May 2004)


head of government: Chief Minister John OSBORNE (since 5 April 2001)


cabinet: Executive Council consists of the governor, the chief minister, three other ministers, the attorney general, and the finance secretary


elections: the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party usually becomes chief minister
Exports NA (2001) NA
Exports - commodities wool, hides, meat electronic components, plastic bags, apparel, hot peppers, live plants, cattle
Exports - partners Spain 76.2%, UK 9.2%, US 7.1% (2002) US, Antigua and Barbuda
Fiscal year 1 April - 31 March 1 April - 31 March
Flag description blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Falkland Island coat of arms centered on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms contains a white ram (sheep raising is the major economic activity) above the sailing ship Desire (whose crew discovered the islands) with a scroll at the bottom bearing the motto DESIRE THE RIGHT blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Montserratian coat of arms centered in the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms features a woman standing beside a yellow harp with her arm around a black cross
GDP purchasing power parity - $75 million (2002 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: NA%


industry: NA%


services: NA%
agriculture: 5.4%


industry: 13.6%


services: 81% (1996 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $25,000 (2002 est.) purchasing power parity - $3,400 (2002 est.)
GDP - real growth rate NA% -1% (2002 est.)
Geographic coordinates 51 45 S, 59 00 W 16 45 N, 62 12 W
Geography - note deeply indented coast provides good natural harbors; short growing season the island is entirely volcanic in origin and contains seven active volcanoes
Highways total: 440 km


paved: 50 km


unpaved: 390 km (2002)
total: 227 km


paved: NA km


unpaved: NA km


note: volcanic eruptions beginning in 1995 destroyed most of the road system (2003)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
lowest 10%: NA


highest 10%: NA
Illicit drugs - transshipment point for South American narcotics destined for the US and Europe
Imports NA (2001) NA
Imports - commodities fuel, food and drink, building materials, clothing machinery and transportation equipment, foodstuffs, manufactured goods, fuels, lubricants, and related materials
Imports - partners UK 57.9%, Spain 19.8%, Italy 16.7% (2002) US, UK, Trinidad and Tobago, Japan, Canada
Independence none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina) none (overseas territory of the UK)
Industrial production growth rate NA% NA%
Industries fish and wool processing; tourism tourism, rum, textiles, electronic appliances
Infant mortality rate total: NA%


male: NA%


female: NA%
total: 7.35 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 8.55 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 6.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 3.6% (1998) 2.6% (2002 est.)
International organization participation ICFTU Caricom, CDB, ICFTU, Interpol (subbureau), OECS, UPU
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 2 (2000) -
Irrigated land NA sq km NA sq km
Judicial branch Supreme Court (chief justice is a nonresident); Magistrates Court (senior magistrate presides over civil and criminal divisions); Court of Summary Jurisdiction Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (based in Saint Lucia, one judge of the Supreme Court is a resident of the islands and presides over the High Court)
Labor force 1,100 (est.) 4,521 (lowered by flight of people from volcanic activity) (2000 est.)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 95% (mostly sheepherding and fishing) agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%
Land boundaries 0 km 0 km
Land use arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (99% permanent pastures, 1% other) (1998 est.)
arable land: 20%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 80% (2001)
Languages English English
Legal system English common law English common law and statutory law
Legislative branch unicameral Legislative Council (10 seats - 2 ex officio, 8 elected by popular vote, members serve four-year terms); presided over by the governor


elections: last held 22 November 2001 (next to be held NA November 2005)


election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 8; note - 71% voter turnout
unicameral Legislative Council (11 seats, 9 popularly elected; members serve five-year terms)


note: expanded in 2001 from 7 to 9 elected members with attorney general and financial secretary sitting as ex-officio members


elections: last held April 2001 (next to be held by November 2006)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NPLM 7, NPP 2


note: in 2001, the Elections Commission instituted a single constituency/voter-at-large system whereby all eligible voters cast ballots for all nine seats of the Legislative Council
Life expectancy at birth total population: NA years


male: NA years


female: NA years
total population: 78.71 years


male: 76.54 years


female: 80.98 years (2005 est.)
Literacy - definition: age 15 and over has ever attended school


total population: 97%


male: 97%


female: 97% (1970 est.)
Location Southern South America, islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, east of southern Argentina Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, southeast of Puerto Rico
Map references South America Central America and the Caribbean
Maritime claims continental shelf: 200 NM


exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
territorial sea: 3 nm


exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
Merchant marine none (2002 est.) -
Military - note defense is the responsibility of the UK defense is the responsibility of the UK
Military branches British Forces Falkland Islands no regular indigenous military forces; (includes Army, Royal Air Force, and Royal Navy), Police Force no regular military forces; Royal Montserrat Police Force (2005)
Military expenditures - dollar figure $NA -
Military expenditures - percent of GDP NA% -
National holiday Liberation Day, 14 June (1982) Birthday of Queen ELIZABETH II, second Saturday in June (1926)
Nationality noun: Falkland Islander(s)


adjective: Falkland Island
noun: Montserratian(s)


adjective: Montserratian
Natural hazards strong winds persist throughout the year severe hurricanes (June to November); volcanic eruptions (Soufriere Hills volcano has erupted continuously since 1995)
Natural resources fish, squid, wildlife, calcified seaweed, sphagnum moss NEGL
Net migration rate NA migrant(s)/1,000 population 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Political parties and leaders none; all independents National Progressive Party or NPP [Reuben T. MEADE]; New People's Liberation Movement or NPLM [John A. OSBORNE]
Political pressure groups and leaders none NA
Population 2,967 (July 2003 est.) 9,341


note: an estimated 8,000 refugees left the island following the resumption of volcanic activity in July 1995; some have returned (July 2005 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% NA
Population growth rate 2.44% (2003 est.) 1.04% (2005 est.)
Ports and harbors Stanley


note: the primary port is located in Stanley Harbour and known locally as FIPASS (Falkland Interim Port and Storage System); the facility consists of seven permanently moored barges providing 300 meters of berthing space; it was installed by the military after 1982 and handed over to the Falkland Islands Government in 1988
Plymouth
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 7, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998)
Railways 0 km -
Religions primarily Anglican, Roman Catholic, United Free Church, Evangelist Church, Jehovah's Witnesses, Lutheran, Seventh-Day Adventist Anglican, Methodist, Roman Catholic, Pentecostal, Seventh-Day Adventist, other Christian denominations
Sex ratio - at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 1.07 male(s)/female


total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: NA


domestic: government-operated radiotelephone and private VHF/CB radiotelephone networks provide effective service to almost all points on both islands


international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) with links through London to other countries
general assessment: modern and fully digitalized


domestic: NA


international: country code - 1-664
Telephones - main lines in use NA NA
Telephones - mobile cellular NA 70 (1994)
Television broadcast stations 2 (operated by the British Forces Broadcasting Service)


note: cable television is available in Stanley (2002)
1 (1997)
Terrain rocky, hilly, mountainous with some boggy, undulating plains volcanic island, mostly mountainous, with small coastal lowland
Total fertility rate NA children born/woman 1.78 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Unemployment rate full employment; labor shortage 6% (1998 est.)
Waterways none -
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